eng 2026-09-06T15:55:27.229376+00:00 SnowModel This resource is shared under the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY. The mountains of the northeastern United States exist in a temperate, humid climate in which snowmelt dynamics remain understudied. This study evaluates spatiotemporal snowpack variability under a changing climate using a distributed, physics-based snowpack model. Here, we ran SnowModel for a montane setting surrounding Mount Mansfield, Vermont’s highest peak (1340 m). During winter precipitation events, air temperatures are often near 0°C, causing snow accumulation and melt to be highly sensitive to model parameterizations, elevation, and shifting temperatures. Tests of various model formulations showed that a wet bulb temperature threshold for precipitation phase partitioning and gravity-dominated liquid water percolation reduced model error most effectively in this unique snowpack and climate. Using the optimized model framework, the average percent bias of snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE) improved by 33% and 75%, respectively. We also assessed the effects of changing weather patterns, simulated by perturbations in temperature and precipitation model forcings. We show middle elevations (700-900 m) to be the most sensitive to these changes, with over a 70% mean decrease in SWE in the lowest temperature increase scenario. Incremental changes in temperature caused increased midwinter melt, including the emergence of new high-runoff snowmelt pulses such as one event, where a +3.3°C increase in temperature resulted in a spike of 40 mm of surface water input from the snowpack at mid-elevations. An improved knowledge of the complexity of regional snowpack heterogeneity and snowmelt dynamics is critical for understanding flood forecasting, hydrologic management, winter recreation, and ecosystem health under a changing climate. projection=WGS 84 EPSG:4326; units=Decimal degrees; northlimit=44.5646; eastlimit=-72.7229; southlimit=44.4858; westlimit=-72.8637; name=Mount Mansfield Region Cold Regions Research Engineering Lab W913E522C0003 2025-04-28T15:08:48.251860+00:00 SnowModel Output (Mount Mansfield) Grunes, A., Bomblies, A., Wemple, B. (2026). SnowModel Output (Mount Mansfield), HydroShare, http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/adf8f37662534d2d9627cd59783fd686 snow hydrology Composite Resource Arne Bomblies 2 University of Vermont Civil and Environmental Engineering Department abomblie@uvm.edu anna.grunes@uvm.edu University of Vermont Grunes, Anna 1 21202 21202 Northeastern USA United States Geological Survey Water Mission Area Snow Hydrology Research Project start=2010-10-01T00:00:00; end=2024-06-30T00:00:00 Vermont bwemple@uvm.edu Wemple, Beverley University of Vermont 14771 14771 2 VT, US